What arguments does clear-cutting use to justify logging? What safeguards or safeguards exist at the international level? Are they effective? Reasons? At the national level – what regulations for ownership or recognition of ITPs? Does anyone confer an advantage that may be commercial or economic or simply usufruct? What steps could ITP take to enforce the protection of its rights? Do they have a “position” vis-à-vis illegal logging facilitated by the state? Unjust laws and selective (biased) enforcement of laws can make traditional use of forest resources illegal. It is common for central governments to issue logging licenses (concessions) to private companies to harvest from officially declared state forests. These Crown forests can be superimposed on the traditional lands of traditional and indigenous peoples by decree under a prominent domain. When local people exercise their traditional rights, they may come into conflict with private companies authorized by the government to harvest on the same land. Under international law and UN human rights conventions, the rights of the local population take precedence, but the local government can ignore these rights and prosecute and imprison the local population. Malaysia is the main transit country for illegal timber products from Indonesia. [18] A problem since antiquity, mentioned in the Epic of Gilgamesh (in Assyrian cuneiform script on clay tablets about 4000 years ago). Takes place in relatively remote areas, is relatively difficult to detect, products cannot simply be separated from legal logging. There are several beneficiaries of illegal logging, from producers to consumers throughout the marketing chain, who benefit from the lower financial costs of timber and neglect the higher economic costs. Environmental, fiscal and social costs are socialized (everyone pays), while services are privatized. There are several losers when the environmental damage caused by uncontrolled illegal logging is ignored or paid for by society.
The social costs are invariably high: social cohesion is disrupted, criminals profit, the rule of law is undermined, the quality of governance is compromised and undermined. Private companies, motivated by economic gains from local and regional market demand for timber, are to blame for deforestation. These agribusinesses often fail to comply with basic legal regulations by inappropriately using inexpensive but environmentally inefficient deforestation methods, such as wildfires, to clear land for agricultural purposes. The Forest Law of 1999 stipulates that it is essential that companies in the respective regions confirm by the authorities of the respective regions an IPK permit, a timber harvesting permit, for the legal approval of their deforestation activities. [19] Many of these companies could bypass this bureaucracy and maximize their revenue gains by using illegal logging activities, as lax law enforcement and porosity of legislation in large developing countries like Indonesia undermine forest protection efforts. [20] What are the consequences for an ecosystem if selective illegal logging removes all seed-bearing trees of certain commercially desirable species? There are a number of government initiatives aimed at reducing the level of illegal logging worldwide. The table below summarizes the main legislative efforts. Illegal logging contributes to deforestation and thus global warming, leads to biodiversity loss and undermines the rule of law. These illegal activities undermine responsible forest management, encourage corruption and tax evasion and reduce the revenues of producing countries, further limiting the resources that producing countries can invest in sustainable development. Illegal logging has serious economic and social consequences for the poor and disadvantaged, as millions of dollars of timber income are lost every year.
[15] Where can you find an example of a possible problem with illegal logging in your dormitory/apartment? Describe the chain of custody and claims of legality control. Illegal logging and related activities have a negative impact on: illegality can also occur during transport, e.g. illegal processing and export (through fraudulent customs declaration); Avoid taxes and other fees and fraudulent certification. [1] These acts are often referred to as “wood washing.” [2] Illegal logging on public lands alone is estimated to result in asset and income losses of more than $10 billion annually. [10] Although exact figures are difficult to calculate given the illegal nature of the activities, reasonable estimates show that more than half of global logging is illegal, especially in open and vulnerable areas such as the Amazon Basin,[11] Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Russian Federation. [12] Illegal logging is driven by a number of economic forces such as demand for raw materials, land grabbing, and demand for grazing land for livestock.