Undeterred, Clonaid moved its operations to the Bahamas. On December 27, 2002, the group announced that the first cloned baby, named Eve, had been born the day before. In 2004, Clonaid claimed to have successfully brought 14 human clones to life. These claims are widely embedded, in part because Clonaid has not allowed independent testing of babies, ostensibly to protect the privacy of babies and their families. Create a human clone using any technique or transplant a human clone into a human being or into a non-human life form or artificial device. [38] Human cloning is prohibited by Article 133 of the Colombian Penal Code. [59] Section 5 of the Human Cloning and Other Prohibited Practices Act 2004 prohibits the introduction of human embryos into the bodies of human beings or animals. [72] The Indiana Cloning Act is somewhat ambiguous in that it primarily targets hospitals and public educational institutions. Researchers at a private university, biotechnology company or assisted reproduction clinic who are not accredited as a hospital do not face legal consequences for cloning for biomedical research or cloning for the production of children. California.
Child cloning is illegal in California, while cloning for biomedical research is protected by the state constitution and funded by a state agency. The state originally passed a cloning law in 1997 that amended its health and safety code to make it illegal to “clone a human.” [7] The law defines cloning as “the practice of creating or attempting to create a human being by transferring the nucleus of a human cell from any source into a human ovum from which the nucleus has been removed in order to implant or implant the resulting product to induce pregnancy, which could lead to the birth of a human being. [8] The 1997 Act included a sunset clause that would expire on January 1, 2003. [9] Under the commercial clause, there are precedents for national regulation of reproductive activities. In 1994, Congress passed the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act and President Clinton signed it, restricting the ability of activists to protest near abortion clinics. [74] The United States. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit upheld the law, rejecting the argument that “Congress lacked the authority to regulate activities that affect reproductive health services,” concluding that “the finding that reproductive health facilities engage in interstate commerce is rational” because these clinics “obviously purchase property from other states.” use and distribute”. [75] This reasoning would also apply to human cloning.
Another relevant precedent is the law banning partial-birth abortion, passed by Congress and signed into law by President Bush in 2003. [76] Federal law prohibits the purchase and sale of human organs. [56] However, this restriction does not apply to bodily materials such as blood, semen and ova. While blood donors are typically not paid, gamete providers are typically paid by IVF clinics, with egg providers typically paying around $5,000 per cycle. [57] Canadian law prohibits human cloning, cloning of stem cells, culture of human embryos for research purposes, and the purchase or sale of embryos, sperm, ova or other human reproductive material. [52] It also prohibits changes to human DNA passed from one generation to the next,[53] including the use of animal DNA in humans. Surrogate mothers are allowed by law, as is sperm or egg donation for reproductive purposes. Human embryos and stem cells may also be donated for research purposes. [54] A unique proposal by Representative Brian D. in 2001. Kerns (R.-Ind.) tried to find common ground between a complete ban and so-called “cloning and killing” measures, stating, “It is illegal for a person to engage in a human cloning procedure with the intention of implanting the resulting cell product into a uterus.” [12] Kerns` legislation therefore did not talk about what to do with cloned embryos – their destruction by scientists would not have been prohibited, but unlike the “clone and kill” laws, their destruction would not have been necessary.